Introduction Seed is the basic input in agriculture. It is the carrier of genetic potential and plays a pivotal role in crop production. The quality of seed determines the yield, crop uniformity, and resistance to pests and diseases. However, even

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Introduction Swarm robotics is a rapidly evolving field that draws inspiration from biological systems, particularly the collective behavior observed in social insects such as ants, bees, and termites. These natural swarms exhibit remarkable coordination and adaptability, despite each individual having

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